SMOKING FACTS

(Information from NHS Direct)

Smoking

If you smoke, giving up is probably the greatest single step you can take to improve your health. Seven out of ten smokers say that they want to stop, but most believe they can't. However, half of all smokers eventually manage to stop smoking. Smoking is the biggest cause of death and illness in the UK. More than 120,000 people die each year from diseases caused by smoking.
Smoking is a major contributor to many serious diseases, such as heart disease and lung cancer. 
Tobacco in cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco, contains poisons such as ammonia, acetone, carbon monoxide, cyanide and arsenic. Altogether, cigarettes can often contain over 4000 chemicals.

 

Why should it be done?

Giving up smoking increases your chances of living a longer and healthier life. When you are no longer exposed every day to nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar and other poisons, your body begins to repair the damage. As your body starts to return to normal, you will start feeling better within a few weeks, and will have:

• Clearer complexion and whiter teeth
• improved breathing and general fitness
• hair, skin and breath no longer smell of tobacco smoke
• loss of smokers cough
• improved sense of smell and taste
• lack of worry over damage smoking is doing to your health
• less risk of smoking-related diseases
• improved life expectancy
• feel good about yourself for having quit
• more money to spend       Calculate how much you will save

Smokers who quit before the age of 45 have a life expectancy close to that of people who have never smoked. For people above this age, the gap widens, but smokers who quit over the age of 45 still enjoy considerable health benefits over people who continue to smoke.

Facts

Tobacco smoke contains over 4,000 different chemicals, many of which are poisons. Some might be relatively harmless by themselves, but together in smoke they make a toxic cocktail. Poisons in tobacco smoke

• Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas linked with heart disease, stroke and other circulation problems.
• Tar is deposited in the lungs with every breath of cigarette smoke taken. Tar causes cancer and damages your lungs. 
• Benzene is a solvent and is a known cause of cancer and is associated with leukaemia. 
• Formaldehyde is a poison used to preserve dead bodies. It is known to cause cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems.
• Ammonia is used in cigarettes - it is also found in cleaning fluids.
• Cadmium is a poisonous metal, used in batteries. It causes liver, kidney and brain damage.

Passive smoking - damage to others around you
Smoking puts at risk anyone nearby who breathes in the smoke. As the smoker inhales only 15% of the smoke from a cigarette, 85% of it is absorbed into the atmosphere or inhaled by other people. The act of breathing in this secondary smoke is called passive smoking. Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of passive smoking and those who live with smokers may become prone to chest, ear, and nose and throat infections, and to more serious conditions such as bronchitis and pneumonia.

The UK Scientific Committee on Smoking and Health has estimated that about 300 non-smokers in this country die each year from lung cancer caused by passive smoking. Recent research has also linked strokes and heart attacks to passive smoking.

The British Medical Association has conservatively estimated that passive smoking causes at least 1,000 deaths a year in the UK. Apart from the direct health risks, smoking causes over 3,000 house fires a year in England, resulting in the deaths of nearly 100 people.

 

Risks

Smoking is bad for your health. Smokers are at greater risk from illness and early death than non-smokers. Also breathing the smoke from other people's cigarettes, or passive smoking, can affect your health.
Smoking increases the risk of getting many serious and often fatal diseases, such as:

• lung cancer
• other cancers, of the mouth, throat, larynx, oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas and stomach
• coronary heart disease
• stroke
• chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Smoking is the biggest cause of death and illness in the United Kingdom.

 

Recommendations

Quitting

Deciding to quit and really wanting to succeed are important steps in becoming a non-smoker. There are three stages to giving up smoking:

• preparing to stop
• stopping
• and staying stopped

It can take up to 3 months to become a non-smoker, although it usually takes less time. The physical craving for a cigarette often goes in less than a week. The psychological craving can last longer.

Preparing to stop

It is important that you stop smoking because you want to. Write down your reasons, and keep the list to hand over the next few months. Think of the benefits: less coughing, cleaner clothes, better breathing (for you and your friends and family), more money, and a lower risk of developing smoking-related illnesses.

When you have decided to stop, make a plan:

• choose a day to quit; ask family and friends for their support
• plan a reward for the end of your first day, and the end of the first week, and the first month
• and the day before, get rid of cigarettes, ashtrays and lighters

You could also talk to your doctor or pharmacist about nicotine replacement therapy. Used properly, these products can double the success rate of stopping smoking.

Stopping

Your goal is to get through the first day without smoking. If you need to put something in your mouth chew sugar-free gum or something healthy and non-fattening. Drink juice and eat fruit. If you feel a strong craving, try taking some deep breaths and delay giving in to the urge. It will usually pass in a couple of minutes.

If you need to do something with your hands, find something to fiddle with - a pencil, a coin, anything but a cigarette.

You may wish to ease the withdrawal symptoms with nicotine replacement therapy. Consult your GP and follow the manufacturers instructions to make sure you use enough, for long enough.

Staying stopped

Take it one day at a time. Each day congratulate yourself on having made it so far. Keep reminding yourself of your reasons for giving up, and what you are gaining by not smoking. Think positively, remain determined and reward yourself. At the beginning it may help to change your normal routine, to avoid situations that would normally encourage you to smoke such as going to the pub.

After the first weeks, especially if it was easy, people may stop encouraging you, and even forget you're stopping. This period is crucial. Try not to be complacent. Don't allow yourself to be tempted.

Don't be tempted to smoke one cigarette. This can easily lead to two or three cigarettes and you risk becoming a smoker again.

Save the cigarette money. For an average smoker it could be over £100 a month. Six months without smoking could buy you a holiday and this is a great incentive to keep going.
 

Side Effects of Quitting

Nicotine affects the brain with seconds of inhaling cigarette smoke. It increases the heart rate and blood pressure, constricts the small blood vessels under your skin, causes changes in blood composition and metabolism, and increases the production of hormones. Nicotine can also affect your mood and behaviour.

Withdrawal from nicotine can cause (within 24 hours):

• depressed mood
• difficulty in sleeping
• irritability
• frustration or anger
• anxiety
• difficulty with concentration
• restlessness
• decreased heart rate
• dizziness
• and increased appetite

As soon as you stop your body starts to clear itself of the toxins in tobacco smoke.

• Your blood pressure and pulse rate will quickly drop (within an hour of stopping).
• Carbon monoxide levels will return to normal (within 2 days).
• Your sense of taste and smell will improve (within a couple of days).
• Your circulation (the movement of blood around your body) will improve (within a few weeks).